The non-precious dental alloys are widely used in dental fields, but released metal ions in oral cavity can irritate the oral tissue and cause inflammation or allergic reaction. Thus it is very important to estimate the biocompatibility of dental
alloys. In this study, the biocompatibility of 5 different nonprecious dental alloys(A-E) was assessed in cytotoxicity test in vitro. We used numan periodontal ligament(PDL) cells and human gingival fibroblasts (HGF). The cytotoxicity of alloys
was
evaluated by the comparison of cell growth and morphologic changes. The composition of alloys was also analysed by ICP spectroeter.
The results of these were summerized as follows :
`1. The major component of alloy A was titanium, B were cobalt and chromium, C, D were nickel and chromium, and E was copper. A little amount of iron, aluminium, mangan and berilium were contained in each alloy,
2. On PDDL, alloy A showed weak cytotoxicity or was nontoxic, B and D showed weak cytotoxicity C showed moderate toxicity and E showed extreme toxicity.
3. On HGF cells, the cytotoxicity of alloy A was weak or non tixic, B and D were weak to moderate, C was moderat to marked, and E was marked to strong.
4. The morphology of PDL was similar to that of HGF. Each alloy except E showed normal cellular morphology. However the alloy E showed severe morphological changes such as rounding, shringkage and necrosis.
5. In general, the cytotoxic response of HGF was more sensitive than that of PDL.
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